https://s1-uk.practicallaw.thomsonreuters.com/WLN-PLCUK-SC_2605.1.2002/productViews/plcuk/Legal updateshttps://uk.practicallaw.thomsonreuters.comConstructionhttps://uk.practicallaw.thomsonreuters.com/Document/Ic6eb096660cd11f1a83fe84dcd0bf6af/View/FullText.html?transitionType=Default&contextData=%28sc.Default%29https://uk.practicallaw.thomsonreuters.com/Document/Ic6eb096660cd11f1a83fe84dcd0bf6af/View/FullText.html?transitionType=Default&contextData=%28sc.Default%29Mon, 08 Jun 2026 00:00:00 CDTIn Essendi UK Hotels 2 Ltd v London Property Company Ltd [2026] EWHC 1354 (TCC), the High Court held that a landlord's covenant to put and keep a hotel building in good and substantial condition required the removal and replacement of category 3 ACM cladding panels, despite there being no physical deterioration. The landlord had also breached the legal obligations covenant in the lease by not complying with its obligations under the Regulatory Reform (Fire Safety) Order 2005 (SI 2005/1541).https://uk.practicallaw.thomsonreuters.com/Document/Ic6eb096660cd11f1a83fe84dcd0bf6af/View/FullText.html?transitionType=Default&contextData=%28sc.Default%29https://uk.practicallaw.thomsonreuters.com/Document/I6217bb865f5b11f1a83fe84dcd0bf6af/View/FullText.html?transitionType=Default&contextData=%28sc.Default%29https://uk.practicallaw.thomsonreuters.com/Document/I6217bb865f5b11f1a83fe84dcd0bf6af/View/FullText.html?transitionType=Default&contextData=%28sc.Default%29Mon, 08 Jun 2026 00:00:00 CDTWe have published Article, Late payments consultation response: significant changes coming for the construction industry, by BCLP LLP.https://uk.practicallaw.thomsonreuters.com/Document/I6217bb865f5b11f1a83fe84dcd0bf6af/View/FullText.html?transitionType=Default&contextData=%28sc.Default%29https://uk.practicallaw.thomsonreuters.com/Document/If54a8bfa601c11f18ebba5f5b5f97226/View/FullText.html?transitionType=Default&contextData=%28sc.Default%29https://uk.practicallaw.thomsonreuters.com/Document/If54a8bfa601c11f18ebba5f5b5f97226/View/FullText.html?transitionType=Default&contextData=%28sc.Default%29Fri, 05 Jun 2026 00:00:00 CDTThe Construction Leadership Council (CLC) has published two new pieces of guidance aimed at helping those going through the building control process for a higher-risk building (HRB).https://uk.practicallaw.thomsonreuters.com/Document/If54a8bfa601c11f18ebba5f5b5f97226/View/FullText.html?transitionType=Default&contextData=%28sc.Default%29https://uk.practicallaw.thomsonreuters.com/Document/I743408fe5b5c11f18ebba5f5b5f97226/View/FullText.html?transitionType=Default&contextData=%28sc.Default%29https://uk.practicallaw.thomsonreuters.com/Document/I743408fe5b5c11f18ebba5f5b5f97226/View/FullText.html?transitionType=Default&contextData=%28sc.Default%29Fri, 29 May 2026 00:00:00 CDTThe Department for Energy Security and Net Zero has published the government response to its consultation on a policy framework to grow the market for low carbon industrial products, focusing on steel, cement and concrete, on 28 May 2026.https://uk.practicallaw.thomsonreuters.com/Document/I743408fe5b5c11f18ebba5f5b5f97226/View/FullText.html?transitionType=Default&contextData=%28sc.Default%29https://uk.practicallaw.thomsonreuters.com/Document/I3f9728cb5b5311f18ebba5f5b5f97226/View/FullText.html?transitionType=Default&contextData=%28sc.Default%29https://uk.practicallaw.thomsonreuters.com/Document/I3f9728cb5b5311f18ebba5f5b5f97226/View/FullText.html?transitionType=Default&contextData=%28sc.Default%29Fri, 29 May 2026 00:00:00 CDTIn Belong (Construction) Ltd v Seddon Construction Ltd [2026] EWHC 1275 (TCC), HHJ Stephen Davies, sitting as a High Court judge, held that liabilities for pre-existing breaches of obligations under a pre-construction services agreement (PCSA) were not extinguished by the parties' subsequent entry into a building contract. The judge declared that the adjudicator's contrary interpretation was wrong.https://uk.practicallaw.thomsonreuters.com/Document/I3f9728cb5b5311f18ebba5f5b5f97226/View/FullText.html?transitionType=Default&contextData=%28sc.Default%29https://uk.practicallaw.thomsonreuters.com/Document/I56cd5e505a7c11f18ebba5f5b5f97226/View/FullText.html?transitionType=Default&contextData=%28sc.Default%29https://uk.practicallaw.thomsonreuters.com/Document/I56cd5e505a7c11f18ebba5f5b5f97226/View/FullText.html?transitionType=Default&contextData=%28sc.Default%29Fri, 29 May 2026 00:00:00 CDTPractical Law provides free training on how to use Practical Law more effectively. This is available in a variety of formats, including live webinars and training videos.https://uk.practicallaw.thomsonreuters.com/Document/I56cd5e505a7c11f18ebba5f5b5f97226/View/FullText.html?transitionType=Default&contextData=%28sc.Default%29https://uk.practicallaw.thomsonreuters.com/Document/I75236202590f11f1a83fe84dcd0bf6af/View/FullText.html?transitionType=Default&contextData=%28sc.Default%29https://uk.practicallaw.thomsonreuters.com/Document/I75236202590f11f1a83fe84dcd0bf6af/View/FullText.html?transitionType=Default&contextData=%28sc.Default%29Wed, 27 May 2026 00:00:00 CDTIn Into Nominee One Ltd and another v Study Group UK Ltd and another [2026] EWHC 1201 (TCC), the High Court rejected the tenant's argument that a lease of a purpose-built residential training school was frustrated by serious fire safety cladding defects or post-Grenfell legislation which made the property unfit for its intended use.https://uk.practicallaw.thomsonreuters.com/Document/I75236202590f11f1a83fe84dcd0bf6af/View/FullText.html?transitionType=Default&contextData=%28sc.Default%29https://uk.practicallaw.thomsonreuters.com/Document/I68128f2557ec11f1a83fe84dcd0bf6af/View/FullText.html?transitionType=Default&contextData=%28sc.Default%29https://uk.practicallaw.thomsonreuters.com/Document/I68128f2557ec11f1a83fe84dcd0bf6af/View/FullText.html?transitionType=Default&contextData=%28sc.Default%29Tue, 26 May 2026 00:00:00 CDTWe have published an article highlighting what's on the agenda for in-house lawyers in June 2026.https://uk.practicallaw.thomsonreuters.com/Document/I68128f2557ec11f1a83fe84dcd0bf6af/View/FullText.html?transitionType=Default&contextData=%28sc.Default%29https://uk.practicallaw.thomsonreuters.com/Document/I076bb1a8554011f18619811f89168d29/View/FullText.html?transitionType=Default&contextData=%28sc.Default%29https://uk.practicallaw.thomsonreuters.com/Document/I076bb1a8554011f18619811f89168d29/View/FullText.html?transitionType=Default&contextData=%28sc.Default%29Fri, 22 May 2026 00:00:00 CDTThe Welsh Government has published an information document on annual socially responsible procurement reporting requirements for Welsh contracting authorities. This document will be of interest to Welsh contracting authorities who should familiarise themselves with the requirements when preparing annual socially responsible procurement reports.https://uk.practicallaw.thomsonreuters.com/Document/I076bb1a8554011f18619811f89168d29/View/FullText.html?transitionType=Default&contextData=%28sc.Default%29https://uk.practicallaw.thomsonreuters.com/Document/I1845e498536d11f1bf8d82e776af4c9e/View/FullText.html?transitionType=Default&contextData=%28sc.Default%29https://uk.practicallaw.thomsonreuters.com/Document/I1845e498536d11f1bf8d82e776af4c9e/View/FullText.html?transitionType=Default&contextData=%28sc.Default%29Thu, 21 May 2026 00:00:00 CDTOn 19 May 2026, the government presented its Commercial Payments Bill to Parliament. The Bill will introduce a 60-day cap on payment terms for all large firms paying smaller suppliers and introduce mandatory interest on late payments (at 8% above the Bank of England base rate). It will also prohibit withholding retention payments under construction contracts. The Bill will give the Small Business Commissioner more powers to investigate poor payment practices and late payers and to take enforcement action against persistent late payers, including issuing financial penalties.https://uk.practicallaw.thomsonreuters.com/Document/I1845e498536d11f1bf8d82e776af4c9e/View/FullText.html?transitionType=Default&contextData=%28sc.Default%29https://uk.practicallaw.thomsonreuters.com/Document/Ia415da5c54be11f1bf8d82e776af4c9e/View/FullText.html?transitionType=Default&contextData=%28sc.Default%29https://uk.practicallaw.thomsonreuters.com/Document/Ia415da5c54be11f1bf8d82e776af4c9e/View/FullText.html?transitionType=Default&contextData=%28sc.Default%29Thu, 21 May 2026 00:00:00 CDTThe Building Safety Regulator's (BSR) Industry Competence Committee (ICC) has published guidance on complying with the building regulations competence management requirements.https://uk.practicallaw.thomsonreuters.com/Document/Ia415da5c54be11f1bf8d82e776af4c9e/View/FullText.html?transitionType=Default&contextData=%28sc.Default%29https://uk.practicallaw.thomsonreuters.com/Document/I899d330354c011f1bf8d82e776af4c9e/View/FullText.html?transitionType=Default&contextData=%28sc.Default%29https://uk.practicallaw.thomsonreuters.com/Document/I899d330354c011f1bf8d82e776af4c9e/View/FullText.html?transitionType=Default&contextData=%28sc.Default%29Thu, 21 May 2026 00:00:00 CDTThe government has taken a series of steps aimed at improving the building safety system. These include launching a call for evidence on the built environment professions, responding to the Building Control Independent Panel's report on commercial interests in building control, and publishing its latest quarterly progress report on its progress towards implementing the Grenfell Tower public inquiry's recommendations.https://uk.practicallaw.thomsonreuters.com/Document/I899d330354c011f1bf8d82e776af4c9e/View/FullText.html?transitionType=Default&contextData=%28sc.Default%29https://uk.practicallaw.thomsonreuters.com/Document/I899d34e954c011f1bf8d82e776af4c9e/View/FullText.html?transitionType=Default&contextData=%28sc.Default%29https://uk.practicallaw.thomsonreuters.com/Document/I899d34e954c011f1bf8d82e776af4c9e/View/FullText.html?transitionType=Default&contextData=%28sc.Default%29Thu, 21 May 2026 00:00:00 CDTOn 21 May 2026, the CMA published its final report on its market study into the supply of roads and railways in the UK by the civil engineering sector.https://uk.practicallaw.thomsonreuters.com/Document/I899d34e954c011f1bf8d82e776af4c9e/View/FullText.html?transitionType=Default&contextData=%28sc.Default%29https://uk.practicallaw.thomsonreuters.com/Document/I5f6244c352b111f1bf8d82e776af4c9e/View/FullText.html?transitionType=Default&contextData=%28sc.Default%29https://uk.practicallaw.thomsonreuters.com/Document/I5f6244c352b111f1bf8d82e776af4c9e/View/FullText.html?transitionType=Default&contextData=%28sc.Default%29Wed, 20 May 2026 00:00:00 CDTWe have published a practice note giving an overview of the Building Safety (Wales) Act 2026.https://uk.practicallaw.thomsonreuters.com/Document/I5f6244c352b111f1bf8d82e776af4c9e/View/FullText.html?transitionType=Default&contextData=%28sc.Default%29https://uk.practicallaw.thomsonreuters.com/Document/Iefe72bdf545211f18619811f89168d29/View/FullText.html?transitionType=Default&contextData=%28sc.Default%29https://uk.practicallaw.thomsonreuters.com/Document/Iefe72bdf545211f18619811f89168d29/View/FullText.html?transitionType=Default&contextData=%28sc.Default%29Wed, 20 May 2026 00:00:00 CDTThe Technology and Construction Court's annual report, for the period 1 October 2024 to 30 September 2025, has been published.https://uk.practicallaw.thomsonreuters.com/Document/Iefe72bdf545211f18619811f89168d29/View/FullText.html?transitionType=Default&contextData=%28sc.Default%29https://uk.practicallaw.thomsonreuters.com/Document/I1e2c233b502f11f1bf8d82e776af4c9e/View/FullText.html?transitionType=Default&contextData=%28sc.Default%29https://uk.practicallaw.thomsonreuters.com/Document/I1e2c233b502f11f1bf8d82e776af4c9e/View/FullText.html?transitionType=Default&contextData=%28sc.Default%29Fri, 15 May 2026 00:00:00 CDTThe government has made the Building Safety (Responsible Actors Scheme and Prohibitions) (Amendment) Regulations 2026 (SI 2026/509), which make minor changes to the Responsible Actors Scheme (RAS) in England.https://uk.practicallaw.thomsonreuters.com/Document/I1e2c233b502f11f1bf8d82e776af4c9e/View/FullText.html?transitionType=Default&contextData=%28sc.Default%29https://uk.practicallaw.thomsonreuters.com/Document/If35d44d64ee811f18619811f89168d29/View/FullText.html?transitionType=Default&contextData=%28sc.Default%29https://uk.practicallaw.thomsonreuters.com/Document/If35d44d64ee811f18619811f89168d29/View/FullText.html?transitionType=Default&contextData=%28sc.Default%29Wed, 13 May 2026 00:00:00 CDTThe King's Speech was delivered on 13 May 2026, setting out the proposed legislative programme for the forthcoming parliamentary session. This update considers those items that may be of interest to construction practitioners.https://uk.practicallaw.thomsonreuters.com/Document/If35d44d64ee811f18619811f89168d29/View/FullText.html?transitionType=Default&contextData=%28sc.Default%29https://uk.practicallaw.thomsonreuters.com/Document/I4ad680d44ec911f1bf8d82e776af4c9e/View/FullText.html?transitionType=Default&contextData=%28sc.Default%29https://uk.practicallaw.thomsonreuters.com/Document/I4ad680d44ec911f1bf8d82e776af4c9e/View/FullText.html?transitionType=Default&contextData=%28sc.Default%29Wed, 13 May 2026 00:00:00 CDTThe King has outlined the government's priorities for the next parliamentary session in the King's Speech to the Houses of Parliament on 13 May 2026. This update considers the items that may interest property practitioners.https://uk.practicallaw.thomsonreuters.com/Document/I4ad680d44ec911f1bf8d82e776af4c9e/View/FullText.html?transitionType=Default&contextData=%28sc.Default%29https://uk.practicallaw.thomsonreuters.com/Document/I1b33a2d14e4e11f18619811f89168d29/View/FullText.html?transitionType=Default&contextData=%28sc.Default%29https://uk.practicallaw.thomsonreuters.com/Document/I1b33a2d14e4e11f18619811f89168d29/View/FullText.html?transitionType=Default&contextData=%28sc.Default%29Wed, 13 May 2026 00:00:00 CDTThe King has outlined the government's priorities for the next Parliamentary session in the King's Speech to the Houses of Parliament on 13 May 2026. This update considers the items that may be of interest to commercial practitioners.https://uk.practicallaw.thomsonreuters.com/Document/I1b33a2d14e4e11f18619811f89168d29/View/FullText.html?transitionType=Default&contextData=%28sc.Default%29https://uk.practicallaw.thomsonreuters.com/Document/Id65858914db111f1bf8d82e776af4c9e/View/FullText.html?transitionType=Default&contextData=%28sc.Default%29https://uk.practicallaw.thomsonreuters.com/Document/Id65858914db111f1bf8d82e776af4c9e/View/FullText.html?transitionType=Default&contextData=%28sc.Default%29Tue, 12 May 2026 00:00:00 CDTIn Crest Nicholson Regeneration Ltd v Ardmore Construction Ltd (In Administration) [2026] EWHC 1069 (TCC), Constable J in the Technology and Construction Court (TCC) refused applications for a stay of execution and additional time to pay in respect of a building liability order enforcing an adjudicator's decision, issued under sections 130 and 131 of the Building Safety Act 2022 (BSA 2022) against the fourth to tenth defendants, who are associates of Ardmore Construction Ltd. The court also refused permission to appeal.https://uk.practicallaw.thomsonreuters.com/Document/Id65858914db111f1bf8d82e776af4c9e/View/FullText.html?transitionType=Default&contextData=%28sc.Default%29https://uk.practicallaw.thomsonreuters.com/Document/I7ab4ace34d3d11f1bf8d82e776af4c9e/View/FullText.html?transitionType=Default&contextData=%28sc.Default%29https://uk.practicallaw.thomsonreuters.com/Document/I7ab4ace34d3d11f1bf8d82e776af4c9e/View/FullText.html?transitionType=Default&contextData=%28sc.Default%29Mon, 11 May 2026 00:00:00 CDTIn United Utilities Water Ltd v Northstone (NI) Ltd (t/a Farrans Construction) [2026] EWHC 1057 (TCC), HHJ Kelly enforced an adjudicator's decision following a payment dispute, and rejected Part 8 proceedings seeking declarations that a payment notice issued under an NEC3 Engineering and Construction Contract (ECC) was invalid.https://uk.practicallaw.thomsonreuters.com/Document/I7ab4ace34d3d11f1bf8d82e776af4c9e/View/FullText.html?transitionType=Default&contextData=%28sc.Default%29https://uk.practicallaw.thomsonreuters.com/Document/I705145a5490e11f1bf8d82e776af4c9e/View/FullText.html?transitionType=Default&contextData=%28sc.Default%29https://uk.practicallaw.thomsonreuters.com/Document/I705145a5490e11f1bf8d82e776af4c9e/View/FullText.html?transitionType=Default&contextData=%28sc.Default%29Wed, 06 May 2026 00:00:00 CDTWe have published a new Practice note, Planning and Infrastructure Act 2025 planning aspects: overview.https://uk.practicallaw.thomsonreuters.com/Document/I705145a5490e11f1bf8d82e776af4c9e/View/FullText.html?transitionType=Default&contextData=%28sc.Default%29https://uk.practicallaw.thomsonreuters.com/Document/I875e81ad457611f18619811f89168d29/View/FullText.html?transitionType=Default&contextData=%28sc.Default%29https://uk.practicallaw.thomsonreuters.com/Document/I875e81ad457611f18619811f89168d29/View/FullText.html?transitionType=Default&contextData=%28sc.Default%29Tue, 05 May 2026 00:00:00 CDTIn Parkingeye Ltd v Velindre University NHS Trust [2026] EWHC 1019 (TCC), the High Court has interpreted for the first time the new statutory test in the Procurement Act 2023 for lifting the automatic suspension. It found that the public interest in ensuring the lawful award of contracts generally favours maintaining the suspension, absent a strong countervailing public interest, with the adequacy of damages for the claimant no longer being a decisive factor. This decision signals a notable rebalancing of power between parties in public procurement disputes.https://uk.practicallaw.thomsonreuters.com/Document/I875e81ad457611f18619811f89168d29/View/FullText.html?transitionType=Default&contextData=%28sc.Default%29https://uk.practicallaw.thomsonreuters.com/Document/I38378df244aa11f18619811f89168d29/View/FullText.html?transitionType=Default&contextData=%28sc.Default%29https://uk.practicallaw.thomsonreuters.com/Document/I38378df244aa11f18619811f89168d29/View/FullText.html?transitionType=Default&contextData=%28sc.Default%29Thu, 30 Apr 2026 00:00:00 CDTIn RBH Building Contractors Ltd v James and another [2026] EWCA Civ 511, the Court of Appeal dismissed an appeal concerning two important issues under the Housing Grants, Construction and Regeneration Act 1996 (Construction Act 1996): the residential occupier exception under section 106 and the validity of a pay less notice under section 111.https://uk.practicallaw.thomsonreuters.com/Document/I38378df244aa11f18619811f89168d29/View/FullText.html?transitionType=Default&contextData=%28sc.Default%29https://uk.practicallaw.thomsonreuters.com/Document/I87b6d6d6447a11f18619811f89168d29/View/FullText.html?transitionType=Default&contextData=%28sc.Default%29https://uk.practicallaw.thomsonreuters.com/Document/I87b6d6d6447a11f18619811f89168d29/View/FullText.html?transitionType=Default&contextData=%28sc.Default%29Thu, 30 Apr 2026 00:00:00 CDTIn Mace Construct Ltd v Baltic Investment Holdings Ltd [2026] EWHC 976 (TCC), Adrian Williamson KC, sitting as a deputy High Court judge in the Technology and Construction Court (TCC), considered a building contractor's claim for various declarations relating to a JCT building contract.https://uk.practicallaw.thomsonreuters.com/Document/I87b6d6d6447a11f18619811f89168d29/View/FullText.html?transitionType=Default&contextData=%28sc.Default%29https://uk.practicallaw.thomsonreuters.com/Document/I542b14a0440111f1bf8d82e776af4c9e/View/FullText.html?transitionType=Default&contextData=%28sc.Default%29https://uk.practicallaw.thomsonreuters.com/Document/I542b14a0440111f1bf8d82e776af4c9e/View/FullText.html?transitionType=Default&contextData=%28sc.Default%29Thu, 30 Apr 2026 00:00:00 CDTPractical Law provides free training on how to use Practical Law more effectively. This is available in a variety of formats, including live webinars and training videos.https://uk.practicallaw.thomsonreuters.com/Document/I542b14a0440111f1bf8d82e776af4c9e/View/FullText.html?transitionType=Default&contextData=%28sc.Default%29https://uk.practicallaw.thomsonreuters.com/Document/I61a6a7b743d211f1bf8d82e776af4c9e/View/FullText.html?transitionType=Default&contextData=%28sc.Default%29https://uk.practicallaw.thomsonreuters.com/Document/I61a6a7b743d211f1bf8d82e776af4c9e/View/FullText.html?transitionType=Default&contextData=%28sc.Default%29Wed, 29 Apr 2026 00:00:00 CDTIn Liberty Roofing (East Midlands) Ltd v Midleton Developments (Church Street) Ltd (unreported), 27 March 2026 (TCC), HHJ Bever, sitting as a High Court judge in the Manchester Technology and Construction Court (TCC), refused to enforce an adjudicator's decision and granted declarations that the adjudicator erred in concluding that invalid payment notices created notified sums under section 111 of the Housing Grants, Construction and Regeneration Act 1996 (Construction Act 1996). The court also rejected Liberty's estoppel by convention argument.https://uk.practicallaw.thomsonreuters.com/Document/I61a6a7b743d211f1bf8d82e776af4c9e/View/FullText.html?transitionType=Default&contextData=%28sc.Default%29https://uk.practicallaw.thomsonreuters.com/Document/I2141fb8442ed11f1bf8d82e776af4c9e/View/FullText.html?transitionType=Default&contextData=%28sc.Default%29https://uk.practicallaw.thomsonreuters.com/Document/I2141fb8442ed11f1bf8d82e776af4c9e/View/FullText.html?transitionType=Default&contextData=%28sc.Default%29Wed, 29 Apr 2026 00:00:00 CDTThe Building Safety (Wales) Bill has received Royal Assent and is now known as the Building Safety (Wales) Act 2026 (BSWA 2026).https://uk.practicallaw.thomsonreuters.com/Document/I2141fb8442ed11f1bf8d82e776af4c9e/View/FullText.html?transitionType=Default&contextData=%28sc.Default%29https://uk.practicallaw.thomsonreuters.com/Document/I7e5a780343cd11f1bf8d82e776af4c9e/View/FullText.html?transitionType=Default&contextData=%28sc.Default%29https://uk.practicallaw.thomsonreuters.com/Document/I7e5a780343cd11f1bf8d82e776af4c9e/View/FullText.html?transitionType=Default&contextData=%28sc.Default%29Wed, 29 Apr 2026 00:00:00 CDTWe have published Article, Improving the building control process for Category A and B work on higher-risk buildings, by BCLP LLP.https://uk.practicallaw.thomsonreuters.com/Document/I7e5a780343cd11f1bf8d82e776af4c9e/View/FullText.html?transitionType=Default&contextData=%28sc.Default%29https://uk.practicallaw.thomsonreuters.com/Document/I48826c07437f11f18619811f89168d29/View/FullText.html?transitionType=Default&contextData=%28sc.Default%29https://uk.practicallaw.thomsonreuters.com/Document/I48826c07437f11f18619811f89168d29/View/FullText.html?transitionType=Default&contextData=%28sc.Default%29Wed, 29 Apr 2026 00:00:00 CDTWe have published a new video which explores the interaction between competition law and public procurement in the UK, following the commencement of the Procurement Act 2023.https://uk.practicallaw.thomsonreuters.com/Document/I48826c07437f11f18619811f89168d29/View/FullText.html?transitionType=Default&contextData=%28sc.Default%29